The long-term contract with BMW traces its beginnings to Tactile Mobility’s participation in the BMW Garage, the venture capital unit of BMW Group.

The industry has discovered that bringing the driver back into the loop in an environment that changes not by the second but by the split-second makes Level 3 automation a non-starter. It is beyond an engineering solution, too.

Inside Bedrock’s new The Assembly Garage in the city’s Corktown neighborhood, connected Ford Escape test vehicles drive and park themselves using Bosch’s smart infrastructure.

May Mobility is installing new safety measures, rider protocols and cleaning procedures for the Aug. 31 service restart.

“Hyundai is making an investment in safety, and we’re trying to not only continue to emphasize it but highlight it as we go forward that safety is paramount,” says Brian Latouf, the automaker’s chief safety officer.

Urmson, whose career with AVs dates to the origins of Google’s self-driving car project spun off into Waymo, says his confidence stems from the narrow operating domain of an AV: the roadway.